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Scientific Reports Feb 2018The aim of the present study was to monitor genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells and investigate the association between the effects...
The aim of the present study was to monitor genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of X-ray on exfoliated buccal mucosa cells and investigate the association between the effects and the accumulated absorbed doses of oral mucosa. 98 participants' buccal mucosa cells were collected before and 10 days after different series of dental radiographs performed. Cytological preparations were successively dyed with the methods of Feulgen and fast-green, and analyzed under a light microscope. Micronuclei (MN)and other cells were scored. Accumulated absorbed dose of buccal mucosa was estimated with the method of anthropomorphic phantom and dosimeter chips. The dose rang was 0.18-3.54 mGy. A significant difference in the rate of MN cell was found before and after X-ray examinations (P = 0.008) as well as in the rates of Pyknotic (p < 0.001) and Karyolytic cell (p = 0.0021). When only the patients whose mucosa absorbed dose is lower than 1 mGy was analyzed, significant differences were not found except for Karyolytic cells (p = 0.0313). There was a correlation between the accumulated does and the change rate (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.0118). The frequency of micronuclei cells in buccal mucosa may be increased when a series of dental radiographs including a CBCT examination was performed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa; Orthodontics; Radiation Dosage; Radiography, Dental; X-Rays
PubMed: 29410514
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20964-3 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022The ongoing pandemic has affected all the spheres of life and one of the severely affected avenues is the education of a child. The online education has seen an upward...
CONTEXT
The ongoing pandemic has affected all the spheres of life and one of the severely affected avenues is the education of a child. The online education has seen an upward curve since the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Schools globally have adopted online class tutorials as the main method to impart education and directly increasing the screen time for a child.
AIM
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytological effects of prolonged mobile phone usage on the buccal mucosa of children.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Stratified sampling was used for the selection of subjects for the study. After a questionnaire regarding the usage of a mobile phone was distributed among the parents of children. Among them, 90 children were selected on the basis of pattern and frequency of mobile phone usage in the child.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
The children were divided into three groups based on the per day hours of viewing of mobile phone, i.e., Group 1: Usage of 1-2 h a day, Group 2: Usage of 3-6 h a day, and Group 3: Usage of >6 h a day. The time frame taken into consideration was 1 year after the pandemic started. This was specifically to understand the impact of the online education. Swab was obtained by using the conventional ice-cream stick method from the buccal mucosa.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The samples were subjected to histological and microscopical analysis to observe for cytological changes. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical significance if any.
RESULTS
The results obtained clearly showed that Group 3 (>6 h usage per day) showed the highest number of cellular and chromosomal aberrations which was significant.
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that impact due to the prolonged screen time on the buccal mucosa is significant. A direct proportionality was seen between the apoptotic changes and chromosomal aberrations and the number of daily hour usage.
Topics: COVID-19; Cell Phone; Child; Chromosome Aberrations; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Pandemics
PubMed: 35439887
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_28_22 -
Dermatology Online Journal Feb 2014The melanocytic nevus is a benign and focal proliferation of nevus cells that can be congenital or acquired. Intraoral lesions are uncommon, and the etiology and...
The melanocytic nevus is a benign and focal proliferation of nevus cells that can be congenital or acquired. Intraoral lesions are uncommon, and the etiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The occurrence rate of oral compound nevus is about 5.9% to 16.5% of all oral melanocytic nevi. A 22-year-old male patient presented with a dark brown macule on the buccal mucosa of the maxilla in the region of tooth 26. The lesion was elliptical, 0.7 x 0.5 cm, well circumscribed, asymptomatic, and the evolution time was unknown. An excisional biopsy was performed and microscopic analysis revealed nests of nevus cells in the epithelium and underlying connective tissue that were compatible with melanocytic compound nevus. Owing to the clinical similarity between oral melanocytic nevus and oral melanoma, a histopathological analysis is mandatory for definitive diagnosis.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Nevus, Pigmented; Young Adult
PubMed: 24612575
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2021Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of...
BACKGROUND
Dental radiographs are essential tools for diagnosis. However, there are significant concerns about the dangerous effect of radiation especially on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the exfoliated cells of buccal mucosa of children subjected to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
METHODS
The study included 18 healthy children aged (9-12 years) who were exposed to CBCT. All CBCT scans were performed with the i-CAT CBCT. Exfoliated buccal cells were scraped from the left and right cheek immediately before the exposure, after 10 ± 2 days, and after 1 month. Cells were stained using Feulgen/fast green stain and examined under light microscopy. Genotoxicity (Micronuclei) and cytotoxicity (condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using the McNemar test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p < 0.05.
RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences in the mean percentages of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis before and 10 ± 2 days after the CBCT scan (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei, condensed chromatin, karyorrhexis, or pyknosis before and 1 month after the exposure (p > 0.05) except for karyolysis (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
CBCT may induce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in buccal mucosa cells of children. Therefore, CBCT should not be prescribed unless necessary as it cannot be considered a risk-free procedure.
Topics: Cell Death; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; DNA Damage; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 34481467
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01792-w -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2018Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon relatively aggressive neuroendocrine dermal neoplasm first described in 1972 as a tumor of the sun exposed skin. Although most...
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an uncommon relatively aggressive neuroendocrine dermal neoplasm first described in 1972 as a tumor of the sun exposed skin. Although most MCC affect the skin of the head and neck, rare primarily oral mucosal cases have been documented. Merkel cells are nondendritic neuroendocrine cells that are found not only in the skin but also the oral mucosa and give rise to MCC. Neuroendocrine cells may be found as aggregates in organs or as diffuse or isolated cells within organs and their epithelial lining. They contain peptide hormones and biogenic amines and occur in two forms: dendritic, which are not associated with nerve fibers and non-dendritic, which are associated with nerve fibers. Merkel cells as well as MCC express simple epithelium-type Cytokeratins (8, 18, 19, 20), neurosecretory substances; chromogranin A, synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), adhesion molecules, and villin (intermediate filament). Though weakly, they also express neural markers such as S-100 protein. Cytokeratin 20, and Cluster of differentiation 56, are the two key diagnostic markers for Merkel cells and MCC. Etiology includes UV radiation, the recently described Merkel cell polyomavirus, and long term systemic immunosuppression. The cutaneous and mucosal variants of MCC are considered aggressive tumors with a high risk for local recurrence and metastasis and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of head and neck mucosal lesions. We present two cases of primary Merkel cell carcinoma, one on the buccal mucosa and the other on the lower lip, and discuss the salient histologic, immunohistochemical and clinical features.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Merkel Cell; Female; Humans; Lip Neoplasms; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Mouth Neoplasms; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28980225
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0859-1 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2020Neurodegenerative diseases show an increase in prevalence and incidence, with the most prominent example being Alzheimer's disease. DNA damage has been suggested to play...
Neurodegenerative diseases show an increase in prevalence and incidence, with the most prominent example being Alzheimer's disease. DNA damage has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive. We enrolled 425 participants with and without neurodegenerative diseases and analyzed DNA damage in the form of micronuclei in buccal mucosa samples. In addition, other parameters such as binucleated cells, karyolytic cells, and karyorrhectic cells were quantified. No relevant differences in DNA damage and cytotoxicity markers were observed in patients compared to healthy participants. Furthermore, other parameters such as lifestyle factors and diseases were also investigated. Overall, this study could not identify a direct link between changes in buccal cells and neurogenerative diseases, but highlights the influence of lifestyle factors and diseases on the human buccal cytome.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; DNA Damage; Disease Susceptibility; Epithelial Cells; Female; Genetic Markers; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Life Style; Male; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; Micronucleus Tests; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33335130
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78832-y -
European Journal of Pharmaceutical... Sep 2023Candesartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor blocker that selectively binds to angiotensin II receptor subtype 1. It is administered orally in its ester form...
Candesartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor blocker that selectively binds to angiotensin II receptor subtype 1. It is administered orally in its ester form (candesartan cilexetil). However, its poor aqueous solubility results in its low bioavailability; therefore, other routes of administration must be explored. The buccal mucosa has been extensively studied as an alternative route for drug delivery as it improves the bioavailability of drugs administered via the peroral route. Porcine buccal mucosa has been widely used as an ex vivo model to study the permeability of various diffusants; however, studies on candesartan are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the ex vivo permeation profile of candesartan and its effects on the viability and integrity of porcine buccal mucosa. Initially, we evaluated the viability, integrity, and barrier function of the buccal tissue before performing permeability tests using freshly excised tissues or tissues after 12 h of resection. Here, three indicators were used: caffeine, β-estradiol, and FD-20 penetration; mucosal metabolic activity, as determined using MTT reduction assay; and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Our results indicated that the porcine buccal mucosa preserved its viability, integrity, and barrier function before the permeation assay, allowing the passage of molecules with a molecular mass of less than 20 kDa, such as caffeine, but not β-estradiol and FD-20. Furthermore, we analyzed the intrinsic capacity of candesartan to diffuse through the fresh porcine buccal mucosa under two pH conditions. The concentration of candesartan in the receptor chamber of Franz diffusion cell was quantified using ultra-high liquid chromatography. In the permeation assay, candesartan exhibited a low intrinsic permeation capacity that impacted the buccal tissue viability and integrity, suggesting that using the buccal mucosa as an alternative route of administration requires developing a pharmaceutical formulation that reduces the adverse effects on mucosa and increasing the buccal permeability of candesartan.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Mouth Mucosa; Caffeine; Tissue Survival; Estradiol; Permeability; Administration, Buccal
PubMed: 37329923
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106495 -
Journal of Cancer Research and... 2022One of the most critical landmarks of DNA damage is the micronucleus assay. Enumeration of micronuclei contributes to the early diagnosis of precancerous lesions and...
OBJECTIVES
One of the most critical landmarks of DNA damage is the micronucleus assay. Enumeration of micronuclei contributes to the early diagnosis of precancerous lesions and cancers; however, there are few studies on the frequency of micronucleus in gasoline station workers. To the best of our knowledge, no study has addressed this issue in Iran. The present study aimed to determine the role of working in the gasoline stations of Tehran city on micronucleus frequency in buccal mucosa.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this historical cohort study, buccal mucosa samples were collected from 110 individuals working at gasoline stations and 100 unemployed persons using wet tongue depressors. After Papanicolaou staining, the percentage of cells containing micronucleus as well as the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells was reported. Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney test, and regression analyses were used to specify the effect of other variables on the frequency and mean number of micronucleus per cell.
RESULTS
The mean frequency of micronucleus in the case and control group was 29.8 ± 8.2 and 9.3 ± 3.2, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Furthermore, the mean number of micronucleus in the micronucleated cells of buccal mucosa was significantly higher in individuals who were exposed to gasoline than the control group (P = 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that exposure to gasoline could increase the frequency of micronucleus. It was also revealed that cigarette and hookah smoking and alcohol consumption, together with working in gasoline stations, increase micronucleus abundance, implying the cumulative carcinogenic effect of these factors.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Gasoline; Humans; Iran; Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 36149157
DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_875_20 -
BMC Urology Mar 2019To evaluate outcome of buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (BMGU) for the treatment of urethral stricture disease, including a detailed analysis of success, morbidity and...
BACKGROUND
To evaluate outcome of buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty (BMGU) for the treatment of urethral stricture disease, including a detailed analysis of success, morbidity and quality of life (QoL).
METHODS
Between 12/05/2008 and 07/21/2010, 187 patients with urethral stricture disease, who were treated with BMGU at our University Medical Center, received a standardized questionnaire, evaluating postoperative success, morbidity and QoL. The primary endpoint was the success, i.e., stricture recurrence-free survival plus patients' satisfaction with surgery. Secondary endpoints included erectile function, voiding symptoms, pain and health-related QoL, which were assessed with a modified Urethral Stricture Surgery Patient Reported Outcome Measure (USS PROM), including the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-EF), Incontinence Questionnaire Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Module (ICIQ-MLUTS) and EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D).
RESULTS
In total, 83 patients (51.9%) completed the questionnaire. Bulbar, penile and panurethral strictures were found in 69 patients (83.1%), 13 patients (15.7%) and one patient (1.2%), respectively. The median length of the stricture was 5 cm (range: 1-16). At a median follow-up of 46 months (range: 36-54), 65 patients (78.3%) had no stricture recurrence and were satisfied with BMGU. Median scores for ICIQ-MLUTS, IIEF-EF and EQ-5D visual analogue scale were 6, 22 and 80, respectively. Based on USS PROM, postoperative improvement of QoL and satisfaction with BMGU was found in 67 patients (80.7%) and 68 patients (81.9%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with urethral stricture disease, BMGU offers excellent success, morbidity and QoL.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Mouth Mucosa; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome; Urethral Stricture; Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 30885184
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-019-0449-5 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical... 1998Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is... (Review)
Review
Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. It is the objective of this article to review buccal drug delivery by discussing the structure and environment of the oral mucosa and the experimental methods used in assessing buccal drug permeation/absorption. Buccal dosage forms will also be reviewed with an emphasis on bioadhesive polymeric based delivery systems
Topics: Absorption; Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Transport; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Polymers
PubMed: 10942969
DOI: No ID Found